Ivan \u53d1\u8868\u4e8e 2006-3-8 10:35:58<\/p>\n
\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bfe\u8f85\u5bfc\u73ed\u7b14\u8bb0
\n\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ec4\u6210\u590d\u4e60\u63d0\u7eb2
\n1\uff0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784,\u6838\u5fc3\u5c42\u4e3a\u786c\u4ef6->\u7cfb\u7edf->\u5916\u5c42\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6
\n2\uff0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u7c7b:\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6.
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6f\u4ef6:\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001os\u3001\u6c47\u7f16\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff1aedit,cad\u2026
\n3\uff0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u786c\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff1aalu\uff08\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8defdatapath\uff09\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa
\n\u6570\u636e\u901a\u9053\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u79f0\u4e3acpu\u6216processor
\n4\uff0e\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u5206\u7c7b
\n\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6307\u4ee4\uff08\u4f20\u9001\uff09\u3001\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u79fb\u4f4d\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4
\n\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a\u65e0\u5740
\n\u4e09\u5730\u5740
\nmips\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u4e09\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u4e8c\u5730\u5740
\n5\uff0e\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1
\ng=h+A\u00a0\u00a0#\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5206\u914d
\nadd $t1,$s4,$s4\u00a0\u00a0#i->$s4,i*2->$t1
\nadd $t1,$t1,$t1\u00a0\u00a0#i*4->$t1
\nadd $t1,$t1,$s3\u00a0\u00a0#$s3\u4e3aA\u6570\u7ec4\u9996\u5740,$t1\u4e3aA\u7684\u5730\u5740
\nlw $t0,0($t1)\u00a0\u00a0#$t0=A\u7684\u503c
\nadd $s1,$s2,$t0\u00a0\u00a0#g=$s1=h+A
\n\u8be6\u89c1\u82f1\u6587\u4e66p114
\n\u5faa\u73af\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec3\u4e60\uff1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u6307\u4ee4\u5e94\u7528\u00a0\u00a0p126
\nloop:g=g+A;
\ni=i+j;
\nif(i!=h) goto loop;
\n(bne $s3,$s2,loop\u7528\u6cd5)
\nwhile(SAVE==k)\u00a0\u00a0P127
\ni=i+j;
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 (j loop\u7528\u6cd5)
\ncase\/switch statement P129
\nswitch(k){\/\/\u5176\u4e2dk\u53d60,1,2,3
\ncase 0:f=i+j;break;
\ncase 1:f=g+h;break;
\ncase 2:f=g-h;break;
\ncase 3:f=i-j;break;
\n}
\n\u7528beq\uff0cjr\uff0cj\u7b49\u6307\u4ee4\u7ed9\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5f00\u5173\u8bed\u53e5\u8981\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5f20\u8df3\u8f6c\u8868
\nk*4+\u9996\u5740\uff08\u8df3\u8f6c\u8868\uff09
\n\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u8df3\u8f6c\u8868\u5730\u5740
\n6\uff0e\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f
\nlw $t1,0($t2)\u00a0\u00a0#\u57fa\u5730\u5740\u5bfb\u5740
\nadd $t1,$t2,$t3 #\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5bfb\u5740
\naddi $t1,$t2,100b #\u7acb\u5373
\nbeq $t1,$t2,l1 #pc\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bfb\u5740
\nj mm\u00a0\u00a0#j\u578b\u5bfb\u5740\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5bfb\u5740
\njr $t\u00a0\u00a0#\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5bfb\u5740
\n\u91cd\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u6307\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u5f53\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u5f00\u5173\u8bed\u53e5\u6c47\u7f16\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5
\n7\uff0e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e0e\u6307\u4ee4+\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u4e86\u89e3\u7f16\u7a0b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09 P174
\n\u57fa\u4e8eMIPS\u67b6\u6784CPU\u53ca\u6307\u4ee4\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42
\n8\uff0e\u673a\u5668\u6570\u7684\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8865\u7801\uff0c\u539f\u7801\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8868\u793a\u53ca\u8fd0\u7b97
\n\u91cd\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\u4e32\u884c\u52a0\u6cd5\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ca\u8fdb\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5e76\u884c\u8fdb\u4f4d\u94fe\u53ca\u4e32\u884c\u8fdb\u4f4d\u7684\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8865\u7801\uff0c\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff08IE754\u6807\u51c6\uff09
\n\u539f\u7801\u4e58\u6cd5\u5668\uff08\u9664\u6cd5\u5668\uff09\u8865\u7801\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u539f\u7406\u53ca\u903b\u8f91\u6846\u56fe\u8bbe\u8ba1
\n\u8865\u7801\u4e58\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4dBooth\u2019s P259,P257,\u52a0\u51cf\u4ea4\u66ff\u6cd5
\nIEEE 754\u6807\u51c6\uff1a
\n\u00a0\u00a0e=E-127\u00a0\u00a0e:\u771f\u503c E:\u673a\u5668\u8868\u793a\uff08\u79fb\u7801\uff09
\n\u00a0\u00a0
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 1\u00a0\u00a08\u00a0 \u00a0 23
\n\u00a0\u00a0E\u7528\u79fb\u7801\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d1\u4f4d\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d
\n\u00a0\u00a0(-1)Sx(1+Significant)x2E
\n\u00a0\u00a0|M|=0.1XX......
\n9\uff0e\u638c\u63e1\u591a\u65f6\u949f\u5468\u671f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6570\u636e\u901a\u8def\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u80fd\u753b\u51fa\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362\u56fe\uff09
\n\u4e86\u89e3\u4f4d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406
\n10\uff0e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u591a\u7ea7\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edfCache----\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u6216\u7ec4\u76f8\u8054\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5168\u76f8\u8054\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u539f\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1
\n\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740\u3001\u5b9e\u5730\u5740\u3001\u9875\u8868\u3001\u9875\u8868\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u542b\u4e49\u5fc5\u987b\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9875\u8868\u5bb9\u91cf=\u9875\u8868\u5355\u5143\u6570x\uff08\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d+\u5b9e\u9875\u53f7\u4f4d\u957f\uff09
\n\u865a\u9875\u53f7\u6570=\u865a\u62df\u5730\u5740-\u9875\u5185\u5730\u5740 P545-549,P569-570
\n\u7f3a\u9875\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u547d\u4e2d\u3001\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u5199\u901a\uff0c\u56de\u5199\u672f\u8bed\u6982\u5ff5
\n\u91cd\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\u62b5\u5236\u53d8\u6362\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53d8\u6362\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ca\u7ed9\u5b9a\u865a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e3b\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u9875\u9762\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u9875\u8868\u5355\u5143\u6570\uff0c\u5b9e\u9875\u53f7\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b9e\u5730\u5740\u4f4d\u6570\u53ca\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u9875\u53f7
\n\u6bb5\u8868\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42
\n11\uff0eI\/O\u7cfb\u7edf
\n\u78c1\u76d8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65cb\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u5bfb\u9053\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u8bb0\u5f55\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u5934\u53f7\uff08\u9875\u53f7\uff09\uff0c\u9053\u53f7\uff0c\u6247\u533a\u53f7
\n\u4e32\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u6309\u4f4d\u5bbd\u4f20\u8f93\u5206\uff09
\n\u4e2d\u65ad\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5c4f\u853d\uff0c\u5f00\/\u5173\u4e2d\u65ad\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u4e2d\u65ad
\n\u82f1\u6587\u7248P647-649
\n\u6309\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\uff1a
\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u63a5\u53e3
\n\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u65ad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6392\u961f\u627e\u4e2d\u65ad\u6e90\uff0c\u77e2\u91cf\u4e2d\u65ad\u627e\u4e2d\u65ad\u6e90
\nDMA \u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236
\n\u901a\u9053 \u63a5\u53e3\u7f16\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5355\u72ec\u7f16\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7edf\u4e00\u7f16\u5740\uff09
\n\u91cd\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\uff1a\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u65ad\u9690\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u7b49\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fc7\u7a0b
\n\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff1a\u7b2c8\u7ae0
\n\u738b\u7231\u82f1\uff1aP332,P338\u00a0\u00a0338-343
\n\u4e2d\u65ad\u9690\u6307\u4ee4
\n\u9898\u578b\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9898\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u4e5f\u53ef\u753b\u56fe\uff0c\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08\u603b\u5206\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e8e30\u5206\uff09
\n\u53cb\u60c5\u63d0\u793a\uff1a
\nComputer Organization&Design The Hardware\/Software Interface(2th Edition)\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u00a0\u00a0\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff0c\u4e3a\u672c\u6821\u6559\u5b66\u7528\u4e66\u3002
\n\u590d\u4e60\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u518d\u8f85\u4ee5\u5176\u5b83\u4e2d\u6587\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u5f80\u5e74\u8bd5\u9898\u3002
\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u7406\u590d\u4e60\uff0840\u5206\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u9898\uff09
\nlinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a1 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5
\nresource\u00a0\u00a0management (cpu,memory,i\/o derice)\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406
\ncontrol of programme execution (schedule,dispatch,etc.)\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236
\nuser interface (system call,shell,gui)\u7528\u6237\u63a5\u53e3
\n\u9009\u62e9\u9898\u53ef\u8003
\n\u00a0\u00a02 os\u53d1\u5c55
\nsimple batch system
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u9010\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff08job\uff09,\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u6279\u63d0\u4ea4
\nmulti-pregramme batch system
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u4f5c\u4e1a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8c03\u5ea6
\ntime-sharing system (windows,unix,linux etc.)
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u5404\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u5206\u4eab\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff08faimess\uff09
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u2460\u7f29\u77ed\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff08response time\uff09;
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2461\u63d0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u00a0 \u00a0\uff08throughout\uff09;
\n\u53ef\u8003\u9009\u62e9\u9898
\nreal-time system
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u6027\u8981\u6c42 \uff08\u6709\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d6\u6d88\u865a\u5b58\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\uff09
\ndistributed system,embeded system
\n\u00a0\u00a0(\u4e24\u5934\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u5934\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u5934\u5c0f)
\n\u00a0\u00a03\u00a0\u00a0os\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784
\nmonolithic(\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5355\u5757\u7ed3\u6784) \uff1ados
\nlayerd(\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784)
\nmicro-kernel(\u5fae\u5185\u6838\u7ed3\u6784) \u3220\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a1\uff1a\u6269\u5145\u6027\u597d\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 2\uff1a\u5185\u6838\u5b50
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a03\uff1a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5d29\u6e83
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u3221\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a1\uff1a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901f\u5ea6\u504f\u6162
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a02\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u56f0\u96be
\nmodule \u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u514b\u670dlinux \u5355\u5757\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f0a\u7aef
\n4 \u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf
\nmicro-kernel
\nmulti-threading
\nmulti-processor support
\ndistributed os support
\nobject-oriented desigh
\nvirtual machine(\u5982\u5728windows\u4e0a\u505alinnx \u7684\u865a\u62df\u673a)
\nreal-time characteristics (solaris\u505a\u7684\u8f83\u597d)
\n\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u6108\u52a0\u660e\u663e,
\n5 \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301
\ninside cpu:register,MMU,cache
\ninterrupt
\nDMA
\ncache
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b
\nprocess-a programme in execution(\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5360\u7528cpu\u5728\u6267\u884c)
\n\u5982\uff1atext section,data section,stack,current actirity.
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3002\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662fos \u4e2d\u8d44\u6e90\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff08unit of responce ownership\uff09
\n\u865a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5185\u6709\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90(i\/o\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49)
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757\uff08pcb\uff09\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a\u5404\u79cd\u961f\u5217
\n\u5982linnx\u7528\u94fe\u5f0f\u961f\u5217
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u72b6\u6001
\n\u5982:running,ready,wait,\u00a0\u00a0stopped,\u00a0\u00a0swapped,\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0zombie
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \uff08 \u6682\u505c\uff09\uff08\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u8c03\u51fa\uff09\uff08\u50f5\u6b7b\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46
\npcb\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6d88\u4ea1\uff09\u72b6\u6001\u8fc1\u79fb\u56fe
\n\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08thread\uff09
\n\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f0f\u662f\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff08unit of dispatching\uff09
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u62e5\u6709\u79c1\u6709\u5806\u6808\u53ca\u7ebf\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5757\uff08tcb,\u5b58\u50a8\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7ebf\u7a0b\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff09
\n\u2460\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08ult:user-level thread\uff09
\n\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e93\uff08library\uff09 \u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8ddf\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ca1\u5173\uff0cos \u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed9\uff0c\u53ef\u81ea\u5df1\u5199
\n\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\u5219\u6574\u4e2a\u963b\u585e \uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668
\neg :posix thread (pthread)
\n\u2461\u6838\u5fc3\u7ea7\u7ebf\u7a0b
\n\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7api\u8c03\u7528\u6838\u5fc3\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u4f8b\u7a0b(kernel thread facility) \u6765\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5207\u6362
\n\u9700os \u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u963b\u585e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u963b\u585e\uff09\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0
\neg:windows thread
\n\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u4e92\u65a5\u4e0e\u540c\u6b65
\n\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\uff08critical resource\uff09
\n\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u4e34\u754c\u533a\uff08critical section\uff09
\n\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\uff08cs\uff09
\n\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u4e92\u65a5\uff08mutual exclusicn\uff09
\n\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u6700\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4e34\u754c
\n\u540c\u6b65
\n\u534f\u8c03\u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e34\u754c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4race condition(\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6)
\n\u4f8b\uff1ap0,p1\u4e60\u9898\u8bfe\u540e
\n\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff1f\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff1f\u3000\u3000\uff12\uff0d\uff11\uff10\uff10
\ntwo processes=p0,p1
\nshared variable int talty:=0
\np0p1
\n\u4e34\u754c\u533a
\n\u2460\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\uff1a
\n\u00a0\u00a0a\uff0e\u5bf9\u5904\u7406\u5668\u53ca\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u4e0d\u5e94\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5047\u8bbe\uff1b
\n\u00a0\u00a0b\uff0e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u505c\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\u6709\u9650
\n\u2461\u4e09\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\uff1a
\n\u4e92\u65a5\uff08mutual exclusion\uff09
\n\u6709\u7a7a\u8ba9\u8fdb\uff1a\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u533a\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u7533\u8bf7\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u5373\u8fdb\u5165
\n\u6709\u9650\u7b49\u5f85\uff08bounded waiting\uff09\uff1a\u7533\u8bf7\u8fdb\u5165\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u9965\u997f\u73b0\u8c61\uff09
\n\uff11\uff0e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u3000\u2460\u4f8b\uff1a\u8bfe\u540e\u4e60\u9898
\nshared variables
\n\u00a0\u00a0boolean flag[2];\/\/\u521d\u59cbflase
\n\u00a0\u00a0int turn;\/\/\u521d\u59cb\u53160
\nProcess Pi
\n\u00a0\u00a0do{
\n\u00a0 \u00a0flag=true;
\n\u00a0 \u00a0while(turn\u2260i)
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 {while(flag[j]);
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0turn=i;
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}
\n\u00a0 \u00a0<critical section>
\n\u00a0 \u00a0flag=false;
\n\u00a0 \u00a0<remainder section>
\n}while(1)
\n\u6b64\u7b97\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5417\uff1f
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e92\u65a5
\n\u2461Dekker\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898
\n\u3000Peterson\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95ee\u9898
\n\u3000Backery\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u9762\u5305\u623f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09
\n2\uff0e\u5229\u7528\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301
\n\u3000\u4e2d\u65ad\u5c4f\u853d\uff1a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5927\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ea4*\u6267\u884c\uff1b\u591a\u5904\u7406\u673a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0
\n\u7279\u6b8a\u673a\u5668\u6307\u4ee4
\n\u3000 Test and Set instruction
\nExchange instruction
\n\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u9002\u5408\u591a\u5904\u7406\u5668\u73af\u5883\u3001\u7b80\u5355
\n\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5fc5\u987b\u5fd9\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u997f\u6b7b
\n\uff13\uff0e\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf
\n\u2460\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784
\nCount integer:>=0,\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u6570
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<=0,\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u8868\u793a\u6302\u8d77\u7684\u8d77\u7a0b\u6570\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u975e\u8d1f
\n\u2461\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u662f\u539f\u8bedprimitive\uff09
\nwait(s) (\u5373P):\u7b49\u5f85\u8d44\u6e90
\nsiginal(s) (\u5373V):\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u2462\u4e8c\u5143\u4fe1\u53f7\u91cf
\n\u4e0d\u80fd\u5224\u65ad\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6302\u8d77\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n\u2463producer consumer problem
\n\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u65e0\u9650
\n\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6709\u9650\u3000wait\u64cd\u4f5c\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6362
\n\u3000\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u53d8\u6362\uff1a\u5199\u6ee1\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u8bfb\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f
\n\u56db\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u6b7b\u9501\u95ee\u9898
\n\u6b7b\u9501(deadlock)
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5728\u7b49\u5f85\u88ab\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u7684\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u6b7b\u9501\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff14\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6
\n\u2460\u4e92\u65a5(mutual exclusion)
\n\u2461\u4fdd\u6301\u7b49\u5f85(hold and wait):\u4fdd\u6301\u7b49\u5f85\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90
\n\u2462No preemption(\u975e\u5265\u593a)
\n\u2463Circular wait(\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u5f85)\uff1a\u82e5\u5404\u7c7b\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u5747\u4e3a\uff11\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6b7b\u9501
\ndead lock prevention \u6b7b\u9501\u9884\u9632
\n\u95f4\u63a5\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u963b\u6b62Mutual exclusion,Hold and wait\u53caNo preemption\u90fd\u6ee1\u8db3
\n\u76f4\u63a5\u9884\u9632\uff1a\u963b\u6b62Circular waut\u7684\u53d1\u751f
\n\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6709\u5e8f\u7533\u8bf7\u6cd5\uff08\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7c7b\u522b\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7533\u8bf7\u6309\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\uff09
\n\u4f8b\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u9910\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b77\u5b50\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5148\u62ff\u7f16\u53f7\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u6ee1\u8db3\u5927\u7684\u3000
\ndead lock avoidance\u6b7b\u9501\u907f\u514d
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u6ee1\u8db3
\n\u5fc5\u987b\u9884\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u8d44\u6e90\u6570
\n\u94f6\u884c\u5bb6\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a\u82e5\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b83
\nSafe State:\u4ece\u6b64\u72b6\u6001\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u6267\u884c\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u5e8f\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b7b\u9501\u3002
\nDead lock Detection \u6b7b\u9501\u68c0\u6d4b
\n\u5df2\u77e5\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\u548c\u7533\u8bf7\u8d44\u6e90\u6570\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u6b7b\u9501\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u505a\u6807\u8bb0(mark)
\n\u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8c03\u5ea6(CPU Scheduling)
\n1\uff0e\u8c03\u5ea6\u51c6\u5219
\n\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u5ea6\uff1a
\n\u2460\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u2461\u5468\u8f6c\u65f6\u95f4
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u89d2\u5ea6\uff1a
\n\u2460\uff23\uff30\uff35\u5229\u7528\u7387
\n\u2461\u516c\u5e73\u6027
\n\u2462\u541e\u5410\u91cf
\n\uff12\uff0e\u8c03\u5ea6\u6a21\u5f0f
\n\u2460Non-preemptive \u975e\u5265\u593a
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u5219\u6267\u884c\u81f3\u7ed3\u675f\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\uff08\u5982\u56e0\u53d1\u8d77I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u800c\u7b49\u5f85\uff09
\n\u2461preemptive \u53ef\u5265\u593a
\n\uff13\uff0e\u8c03\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5(\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5265\u593a\u975e\u5265\u593a\u7684)
\n\u2460FCFS\uff1a\u5148\u6765\u5148\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\uff08\u975e\u5265\u593a\uff09
\n\u2461RR\uff1aRound Robin(\u9664\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7)
\n\u2462SPN\uff1a\u6700\u77ed\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4f18\u5148\uff0cshortest process next
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u9884\u6d4b\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u6307\u6570\u5e73\u5747\u6cd5
\n\u2463SRN\uff1a\u6700\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u4f18\u5148 shortest remaining next
\n\u2464HRRT\uff1a\u6700\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u6bd4\u4f18\u5148
\n\u2465FeedBack:\uff1a\u53cd\u9988\u8c03\u5ea6
\n\u2466Fair-share scheduling \u516c\u5e73\u8c03\u5ea6\uff08Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff09
\na.\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u4eab\u6709CPU\u00a0 \u00a0preemptive
\nb.\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570\u591a\u7684\u7ec4\uff0c\u5404\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4eab\u6709CPU\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206 \u5b58\u50a8\u7ba1\u7406
\n1\uff0e\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6
\n\u2460\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5
\n\u2461MMU
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0CPU Package
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0CPU\u00a0 \u00a0MMU<\/p>\n
\u903b\u8f91\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u6362\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5740
\n2\uff0e\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u914d\uff1a\u5206\u533a\uff08Partition\uff09
\n\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n......
\n3\uff0e\u5206\u9875\uff08paging\uff09
\n\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\uff1aTLB\uff0cMMU...
\n\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e00\u5f20\u9875\u8868
\nOS\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u5f20free-frame list
\n\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u6362\u56fe
\n\u9875\u8868\u7ba1\u7406\uff1a
\n\u2460\u5206\u7ea7\u6cd5
\n\u2461\u54c8\u5e0c\u9875\u8868\u6cd5
\n\u2462\u5012\u7f6e\u9875\u8868\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\uff09
\nPOWERPC\u7b49\u5c31\u7528\u5230
\n4\uff0e\u5206\u6bb5
\n\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6bb5\u4e0e\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed
\n\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u6362\u56fe
\n5\uff0e\u6bb5\u9875\u5f0f
\n\u598280386\u5730\u5740\u53d8\u6362\u56fe
\n\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206 \u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u865a\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4
\n1\uff0e\u9875\u88c5\u5165\u7b56\u7565\uff08page fetch policy\uff09
\na). Demand Paging(\u6309\u9700\u8c03\u9875)\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u7528
\nb). Prepare(\u9884\u53d6)\uff1aDemand Paging\u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u7f3a\u9875\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u9875\u53ca\u4e34\u8fd1\u9875\u4e00\u8d77\u88c5\u5165
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\uff09
\n2\uff0e\u9875\u66ff\u6362\u7b56\u7565
\n\u2460Optimal\uff1a\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u2461FIFO\uff1a\u6700\u5148\u88c5\u5165\u7684\u88ab\u6362\u51fa\uff0c\u5f97*\u961f\u5217\u5b9e\u73b0
\n\u2462LRU\uff1a\u6700\u4e45\u672a\u7528\u7684\u9875\u88ab\u6362\u51fa\uff08\u57fa\u4e8elocality\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u6548\uff09
\n\u2463Clock policy\uff1a\u65f6\u949f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cLRU\u4e0d\u6613\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u8fd1\u4f3c\u6a21\u62df
\nBelady\u2019s Anomaly(Belady\u5f02\u6001)\uff1a\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u5927\u53cd\u800c\u7f3a\u9875\u7387\u9ad8\uff0cFIFO\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0
\n\u2464\u4fee\u6539\u7684Clock\u7b97\u6cd5
\n3\uff0e\u6296\u52a8
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f3a\u9875\u7387\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\uff1a
\n\u2460\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5
\n\u2461\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907
\n\u2462\u589e\u52a0\u5185\u5b58
\n\u2463\u51cf\u5c11\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6570
\nWindows NT\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u96c6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5
\n4\uff0e\u4ea4\u6362
\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u865a\u62df\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5
\n\u6269\u5927\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u6bd4\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n\u4ea4\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4
\n\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u7ba1\u7406
\nSwap cache<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0eI\/O\u7ba1\u7406
\n1\uff0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u7c7b
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u914d
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u63a7\u5236\u5757FCB
\n\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u540d\u5b57\uff0cFCB\u7d22\u5f15\u4fe1\u606f\uff09
\n\u6811\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf
\n\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff1a
\nUNIX\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e09\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\uff1aUser,group,other
\n\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684uid\u548cgid
\n2\uff0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a7a\u95f2\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406
\n\u4f4d\u5411\u91cf\u6cd5
\n\u94fe\u63a5\u6cd5
\n\u6210\u7ec4\u94fe\u63a5\u6cd5\uff1aUNIX\u4e2d\u7528
\n\u7d22\u5f15\u6cd5
\nUNIX\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cLinux\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u00a0\u00a0linux:
\nUNIX\uff1ai-node(\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9)
\n3\uff0eI\/O\u7ba1\u7406
\nI\/O\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u7c7b
\nBuffer
\nI\/O buffering(\u7f13\u51b2)\uff1a
\n\u2460\u89e3\u51b3CPU\u4e0eI\/O\u901f\u5ea6\u5339\u914d
\n\u2461\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u5927\u5c0f\u5339\u914d
\n\u2462\u63d0\u9ad8I\/O\u7684\u5b58\u53d6
\n\u2463\u76f4\u63a5\u7531OS\u7ba1\u7406
\nBuffer\u4e0eCache\u7684\u533a\u522b
\n\u78c1\u76d8\u8c03\u5ea6
\n......<\/p>\n
\u53cb\u60c5\u63d0\u793a\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u62db\u751f\u7b80\u7ae0\u4e0a\u7684\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u8003\u4e66\u5373\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6050\u9f99\u4e66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u672cWilliam Stallings\u7684\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003,\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u591f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff08\u7b2c\u56db\u7248\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u51fa\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u6050\u9f99\u4e66\u597d\u50cf\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u61c2\u5f97\uff0c\u8010\u5fc3\u70b9\u597d\u4e86\uff01
\n^_^
\n\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u4e60
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u4e60\u5927\u7eb2
\n\u590d\u4e60\u76ee\u6807
\n1) \u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\uff0c2) \u5982\uff1a\u5806\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u5806\u3001\u56fe\u7b49
\n3) \u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u672c\u7684sorting,Hashing\u548cSearching\u7b97\u6cd5
\n\u57fa\u672c\u8003\u8bd5\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u8bc1\u660e\u9898\uff08\u5982\u6811\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff09\u51fa\u9898\u6982\u7387\u4e0d\u9ad8
\n\u586b\u7a7a\u9898\u00a0\u00a0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50
\n\u95ee\u7b54\u9898\uff08\u542b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\uff09
\n\u5982\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u6210\u6811\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7b49
\n\u7f16\u7a0b\u9898\uff08\u542b\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff09
\n\u6ce8\u610f\u601d\u8def\u6e05\u6670
\n\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20
\n\u94fe\u8868
\n\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5355\u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u5e7f\u4e49\u8868
\n\u961f\u5217\u3001\u5806\u6808\uff1a\u5faa\u73af\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a
\n\u6811
\ni. \u6811\u7684\u4e8c*\u6811\u8868\u793a
\nii. \u4e8c*\u6811\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff08\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u7ed3\u70b9\u7b49\uff09
\niii. \u4e8c*\u6811\u7684\u8868\u8fbe
\niv. \u4e8c*\u6811\u7684\u5468\u6e38\uff08\u5982\u5df2\u77e5\u5148\u3001\u4e2d\u5e8f\uff0cv. \u6c42\u540e\u5e8f\uff09
\nvi. \u7ebf\u7d22\u4e8c*\u6811\uff08\u5982\u5df2\u77e5\u4e2d\u5e8f\u7ebf\u7d22\uff0cvii. \u6c42\u904d\u5386\uff09\u3001\u54c8\u592b\u66fc\u6811
\nviii. \u5806\uff08Heap\uff09---\u7528\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u8fbe\uff0cix. \u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\uff09
\nx. \u4e8c*\u641c\u7d22\u6811\uff08\u67e5\u627e\u6811\uff09
\nxi. \u68ee\u6797\uff08\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u4e8c*\u6811\u8868\u8fbe\uff09
\n\u51fa\u9898\u5c42\u6b21\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a
\n\u25b2\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u7ebf\u6027\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u56fe\uff09\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0---\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6982\u5ff5\u5c42\u6b21
\n\u25b2\u5e94\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u5982\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff09---\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c42\u6b21
\n\u25b2\u67e5\u627e\u4e0e\u6392\u5e8f---\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c42\u6b21
\n\u67e5\u627e\uff1a\u2460\u9759\u6001\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\uff09
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2461\u52a8\u6001\u67e5\u627e\uff08\u67e5\u627e\u6811\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\uff09
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u67e5\u627e\u6811\uff1a\u5e73\u8861\u6811\uff0cB+\u6811\uff0cB-\u6811\uff09
\n\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u2460\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f......\u5806\u6392\u5e8f
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2461\u4ea4\u6362\u6392\u5e8f......\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f
\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u2462\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f......SHELL\u6392\u5e8f
\n\u56fe
\n1) \u56fe\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8868\u8fbe(4\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u6cd5)
\n2) \u56fe\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u904d\u5386\u3001\u5e7f\u5ea6\u904d\u5386\u3001\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6811\u7b49
\n3) \u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u6210\u6811\uff08\u4e24\u79cd\u7b97\u6cd5\uff09
\n4) \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84
\n\u8fea\u6770\u65af\u7279\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6cd5
\n5) AOV\u3001AOE\u7f51
\n\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u62d3\u6251\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u6c42\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84
\n\u6392\u5e8f
\ni. \u63d2\u5165
\nii. \u5feb\u901f
\niii. \u5f52\u5e76
\niv. \u5806
\nv. \u62d3\u6251
\nvi. \u57fa\u6570
\n\u67e5\u627e
\nHashing(\u6784\u9020\u3001\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3)
\n\u6700\u4f18\u4e8c*\u67e5\u627e\u6811\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\u5373\u53ef\uff09
\nAVL\u6811\uff08\u56db\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u7ef4\u62a4\u5373\u53ef\uff09--->B+\u6811
\n\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u56de\u6eaf\u6cd5
\n\u5206\u6cbb\u6cd5\uff08\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff09
\n\u8d2a\u5fc3\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\uff09
\n\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6cd5
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206 \u590d\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9
\n\u4e00\u3001\u94fe\u8868
\n1\uff0e\u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\u5c31\u5730\u9006\u8f6c
\n\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0q0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0q1<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0q0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0q1\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0q2
\nwhile(q1!=Null){
\nq2=q1->next;
\nq1->next=q0;
\nq0=q1;
\nq1=q2;}
\n\u521d\u59cb\uff1aq0=Null
\n\u00a0 \u00a0q1=L->next
\n\u5e7f\u4e49\u94fe\u8868
\n\u4e8c\u3001\u5806\u6808\u548c\u961f\u5217
\n\u5faa\u73af\u961f\u5217\uff08\u5224\u65ad\u6ee1\u548c\u7a7a\u6761\u4ef6\uff09
\n\u4e09\u3001\u6811
\n\u6811\u7684\u4e8c*\u6811\u8868\u8fbe
\n\u4e8c*\u6811\u7684\u7279\u6027
\na) \u7b2ci\u5c42\u4e8c*\u6811\u6700\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u6570 \u6027\u8d281
\nb) \u6df1\u5ea6\u4e3ak\u7684\u4e8c*\u6811\u6700\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u6570 \u6027\u8d282
\nc) \u6027\u8d283\uff08\u5411\u4e0a\u8fb9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5411\u4e0b\u8fb9\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u7ed3\u5408
\nd) 2i,2i+1......
\n\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\u4e8c*\u6811
\n\u4e8c*\u6811\u7684\u904d\u5386
\n\u904d\u5386\u7b97\u6cd5
\n\u7531\u524d\/\u4e2d\uff08\u540e\/\u4e2d\uff09\u63a8\u5bfc\u540e\uff08\u6216\u524d\uff09\u6765\u6784\u9020\u6811
\n\u7ebf\u7d22\u4e8c*\u6811\uff08\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u904d\u5386\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09
\n\u4e2d\u5e8f\u7ebf\u7d22\uff08\u7528\u6b64\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u904d\u5386\uff09
\n\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u68f5\u6811\u7ebf\u7d22\u5316
\n\u5806
\n\u63d2\u5165\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5
\n\u56db\u3001\u56fe
\n1\uff0e\u56fe\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u6570\u7ec4\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u77e9\u9635\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff08\u6709\u5411\/\u65e0\u5411\uff09
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff08\u9006\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\uff09\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\uff08\u6709\u5411\/\u65e0\u5411\uff09
\n\u5341\u5b57\u94fe\u8868\uff08\u6709\u5411\uff09
\n\u591a\u91cd\u94fe\u8868\uff08\u65e0\u5411\uff09
\n2\uff0e\u56fe\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c
\n\u6df1\u5ea6\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u5e7f\u5ea6\u641c\u7d22
\n\u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u6210\u6811
\na) Kruskal\u7b97\u6cd5
\nb) Prim\u7b97\u6cd5
\n\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84
\nAOV\u548cAOE
\n\u62d3\u6251\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5173\u952e\u8def\u5f84
\n\u4e94\u3001\u6392\u5e8f
\n\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e0c\u5c14\u6392\u5e8f
\n\u4ea4\u6362\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u4ea4\u6362\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u5192\u6ce1\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff09
\n\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u9012\u5f52
\n\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a\u5806\u6392\u5e8f
\n\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08\u7b97\u6cd5\u601d\u60f3\uff09
\n\u4e24\u79cd\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u2460\u5355\u5411\u626b\u63cf\uff1b\u2461\u53cc\u5411\u626b\u63cf
\n\u5806\u6392\u5e8f
\nAdjust\uff08\u4ecen\/2\u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5de6\u8fb9\u662f\u5806\uff0c\u53f3\u8fb9\u662f\u5806\uff0c\u5f80\u4e0a\u8c03\uff09
\n\u516d\u3001\u67e5\u627e
\n1\uff0eHashing
\n\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3
\n\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5
\n\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\uff08\u5f00\u653e\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7ebf\u6027\u63a2\u6d4b\u3001\u94fe\u8868\uff09
\n\u94fe\u8868\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u51b2\u7a81\u89e3\u51b3\uff09
\nexp. Insert_LinkHashing(...)
\n2\uff0eAVL\u6811
\n\u9996\u5148\u5224\u522b\u5404\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u65cb\u8f6c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u627e\u5e73\u8861\u56e0\u5b50\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u7684\u53ca\u8c01\u7834\u574f\u5b83\u7684\uff09
\n\u5b9e\u73b0\u65cb\u8f6c\u6765\u7ef4\u62a4\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u65cb\u8f6c\u540e\u6ee1\u8db3\u6392\u5e8f\u4e8c*\u6811\uff09<\/p>\n
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